In　this　study,　the　mass　concentrations　of　carbon　components　and　water-soluble　inorganic　ions　in　PM2.5　were　monitored　in　real　time　in　Handan　urban　area　in　2019.　We　analyzed　the　variation　characteristics　of　PM2.5　components　for　the　whole　year　of　2019.　And　the　evolutions　of　PM2.5　and　its　components　under　different　pollutions　conditions　were　mainly　discussed.　Meanwhile,　the　positive　matrix　factorization　and　backward　trajectory　model　were　used　to　explore　the　sources　of　PM2.5　and　its　components.　The　results　showed　that　the　monthly　and　daily　variation　characteristics　of　OC　and　EC　in　PM2.5　in　Handan　City　during　the　research　period　are　similar.　The　seasonal　concentration　of　water-soluble　inorganic　ions　was　winter＞autumn＞spring＞summer,　NO3-,　SO42-　and　NH4+　were　the　main　water-soluble　inorganic　ion　components,　which　were　significantly　correlated　with　PM2.5　in　different　seasons.　PM2.5　in　Handan　City　was　slightly　alkaline　during　the　study　period.　NH4+　were　primarily　in　(NH4)2SO4,　NH4NO3　and　NH4Cl　forms　in　PM2.5.　OC,　EC,　and　secondary　inorganic　ions　increased　on　PM2.5-polluted　days　and　O3-polluted　days.　With　the　aggravation　of　pollution　levels　in　winter,　the　mass　concentrations　of　carbon　components　and　water-soluble　ions　increased　with　the　increase　of　PM2.5,　the　percentage　of　OC　and　EC　decreased,　the　percentage　of　SO42-　and　NO3-　increased,　and　the　SOR　and　NOR　increased　gradually.　Through　the　iterative　calculation　of　PMF,　the　main　potential　sources　of　PM2.5　were　determined,　which　were　second　generation,　traffic-related　source　and　combustion　source.　The　backward　trajectory　results　revealed　that　Handan　is　mainly　affected　by　the　transmission　from　northern　Henan,　northwestern　Shandong,　central　Shanxi　and　southern　Hebei.　This　study　will　provide　the　important　scientific　theoretical　bases　for　the　prevention　and　control　of　air　pollution　in　heavy　industrial　cities.　©　2024　Chinese　Society　for　Environmental　Sciences.　All　rights　reserved.