Developing　effective,　reliable,　and　economical　structural　vibration　control　techniques　has　always　been　a　critical　research　topic　in　civil　engineering　community.　Negative　stiffness,　as　the　opposite　of　positive　stiffness,　can　decrease　the　total　stiffness　of　the　entire　system　and　assist　structural　motion　rather　than　resisting　it,　thus　provides　a　new　perspective　on　developing　more　effective　structural　vibration　control　techniques.　Negative　stiffness　has　attracted　considerable　research　attention　since　it　was　first　proposed,　and　various　negative　stiffness　elements　(NSEs)　and　NSE-based　structural　vibration　control　devices　have　been　developed　and　extensively　investigated.　This　paper　provides　a　comprehensive　review　on　NSE-based　structural　vibration　control　techniques,　which　begins　with　the　concept　of　negative　stiffness　and　physical　realizations　of　NSEs.　Following　that,　different　types　of　NSEbased　structural　vibration　control　devices　and　systems　are　introduced　accompanied　by　their　applications　and　superiorities　over　conventional　vibration　control　devices.　Some　challenging　problems　and　possible　research　topics　worth　further　exploration　are　also　presented.