Recent　years　have　seen　increasing　concerns　on　supply　chain　risks　of　lithium,　a　critical　material　for　achieving　e-mobility　transition　and　climate　ambitions.　These　risks　propagate　both　along　the　life　cycle　and　across　national　boundaries　in　a　multilayer　network.　However,　most　previous　studies　are　either　only　based　on　static　network　measures　or　focused　on　individual　layers,　ignoring　dynamic　cascading　risks　and　interconnected　and　interdependent　relationships　along　life　cycle　stages　and　across　economies.　Here,　we　integrated　trade-linked　material　flow　and　complex　network　analyses　to　investigate　intricate　interconnections,　interdependencies,　and　systematic　risks　of　the　global　lithium　supply　chain.　Both　static　and　dynamic　measures　of　the　global　lithium　supply　chain　network　exhibit　a　＂robust-yet-fragile＂　property:　robust　for　random　shocks　yet　fragile　for　targeted　shocks　and　robust　for　small　or　local　disruptions　yet　fragile　for　large　or　cascading　failures.　Portugal,　Brazil,　Singapore,　Canada,　Finland,　Norway,　South　Africa,　Israel,　Hungary,　and　the　United　Arab　Emirates　are　most　likely　to　be　affected　by　supply　disruptions.　A　hypothetical　USA-China　trade　decoupling　will　increase　the　severity　and　susceptibility　of　network-wide　failures　by　around　5%.　Our　results　call　for　global　collaborations　and　collective　efforts　to　balance　efficiency　and　security　and　avoid　a　＂zero-sum　game＂　in　securing　the　lithium　supply　chain.