In　high-speed　precision　machining,　thermal　deformation　caused　by　temperature　rise　affects　the　accuracy　stability　of　the　machine　tool　to　a　significant　extent.　In　order　to　reduce　the　thermal　deformation　of　ball　screws　and　improve　the　accuracy,　a　new　adaptive　method　based　on　carbon　fiber　reinforced　plastics　(CFRP)　was　proposed　in　this　study　and　the　thermal　deformation　of　ball　screws　was　determined.　By　using　the　sequential　coupling　method,　the　thermal-structural　coupling　analysis　of　a　ball　screw　was　conducted　based　on　the　finite　element　method　(FEM).　The　analysis　results　were　verified　through　a　comparison　with　the　experimental　results.　Based　on　the　verification,　an　FE　model　of　the　improved　ball　screw　was　established　to　study　its　thermal　characteristics.　The　key　design　parameters　of　the　improved　ball　screw　were　optimized　based　on　the　Kriging　model　and　genetic　algorithm　(GA).　The　thermal　reduction　effect　of　the　improved　ball　screw　was　validated　through　the　experimental　results.　The　results　indicate　that　the　adaptive　method　proposed　in　this　research　is　effective　in　reducing　the　thermal　deformation　of　ball　screws.