Bamboo　is　a　fiber-reinforced　bio-composite　with　superior　structural　behavior.　The　hollow　structure　as　well　as　the　gradient　distribution　of　bamboo　fiber　is　the　embodiment　of　the　superior　bamboo　construction.　To　validate　this,　tensile　tests　were　performed　on　bamboo　test　specimens.　The　volume　fractions　of　bamboo　fiber　and　parenchymatous　ground　tissue　along　the　radius　of　the　culm　wall　were　scanned　and　calculated.　The　elastic　moduli　of　bamboo　fiber　and　parenchymatous　ground　tissue　were　estimated,　according　to　the　linear　equations　obtained　by　regression　analysis.　With　the　equivalent　volume,　a　numerical　hollow　model　and　solid　model　were　built　to　make　comparative　analysis　on　their　mechanical　behavior.　For　the　purpose　of　verifying　the　advantage　of　fiber　gradient　distribution,　models,　which　were　composed　of　fiber　and　parenchymatous　ground　tissue　with　different　fiber　distributions,　were　built　for　comparative　analysis.　Results　show　that　under　the　condition　of　using　the　same　material,　the　hollow　structure　as　well　as　fiber　gradient　distribution　of　bamboo　possess　excellent　mechanical　performance　of　bamboo　structure.