Background　aims.　This　study　aimed　to　observe　nine　factors　expressed　in　rat　ischemic　brain　after　transplantation　of　bone　marrow　stromal　cells　(BMSC)　and/or　endothelial　progenitor　cells　(EPC).　These　factors　were　vascular　endothelial　growth　factor　(VEGF),　stromal　cell-derived　factor-1　(SDF-1),　basic　fibroblast　growth　factor　(bFGF),　insulin-like　growth　factor　(IGF-1),　transforming　growth　factor-beta　(TGF-beta),　platelet-derived　growth　factor-BB　(PDGF-BB),　brain-derived　neurotrophic　factor　(BDNF),　glial　cell　line-derived　neurotrophic　factor　(GDNF)　and　nerve　growth　factor　(NGF).　Methods.　Adult　Wistar　rats　were　divided　randomly　into　four　groups:　a　vehicle　group,　BMSC　group,　EPC　group　and　BMSC　combined　with　EPC　group.　The　rats　were　subjected　to　middle　cerebral　artery　occlusion　(MCAO)　then　implanted　intravenously　with　3　x　10(6)　BMSC,　EPC,　BMSC/EPC　or　phosphate-buffered　saline　(PBS)　24　h　after　MCAO.　Neurologic　functional　deficits　were　measured　on　days　1,　7,　14,　28　after　transplantation.　On　day　7　after　transplantation,　quantitative　reverse　transcription　(qRT)-polymerase　chain　reaction　(PCR)　and　Western　blot　were　employed　to　detect　the　expression　of　VEGF,　SDF-1,　bFGF,　IGF-1,　TGF-beta,　PDGF-BB,　BDNF,　GDNF　and　NGF.　Results.　The　neurologic　evaluation　found　that　the　neurologic　severity　scores　were　no　different　between　the　four　groups　on　day　1,　and　the　scores　of　rats　in　the　BMSC/EPC　group　were　significantly　lower　than　those　of　rats　in　the　other　groups　on　days　7,　14　and　28　after　transplantation.　The　expressions　of　bFGF,　VEGF　and　BNDF　were　significantly　higher　in　the　BMSC/EPC　group　compared　with　the　other　groups.　Conclusions.　The　intravenous　transplantation　of　BMSC　combined　with　EPC　could　promote　the　functional　rehabilitation　of　rats　with　focal　cerebral　ischemia,　and　the　mechanism　may　be　related　to　the　enhanced　expression　of　factors.