As　a　fundamental　natural　resource　and　a　strategic　economic　resource,　water　resources　play　a　key　supporting　role　in　the　process　of　social　and　economic　development.　In　this　paper,　risk　factors　influencing　the　water　resources　carrying　capacity　(WRCC)　were　investigated　based　on　risk　theory　and　resources　carrying　capacity　theory,　and　a　method　for　the　risk　assessment　of　the　WRCC　was　proposed.　The　vulnerability　of　WRCC　system　was　evaluated　by　using　the　Fuzzy　Comprehensive　Evaluation　method,　the　hazard　of　WRCC　system　was　calculated　by　using　the　comprehensive　hazard　index,　and　then　the　risk　of　WRCC　was　obtained　by　combining　the　vulnerability　with　the　hazard.　The　risk　of　WRCC　in　China　due　to　climate　change,　urbanization,　and　industrialization　was　thoroughly　investigated.　The　results　demonstrated　that　the　risk　of　WRCC　was　higher　in　Northern　China　than　in　Southern　China　and　was　higher　in　developed　areas　than　in　developing　areas.　The　risk　was　observed　to　be　highest　in　the　Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei　region.　Meanwhile,　the　results　also　suggested　that　the　risk　of　WRCC　can　be　reduced　in　two　ways:　(1)　Reducing　the　pressure　on　the　water　resources　carrying　system　caused　by　economic　and　social　activities;　and　(2)　increasing　the　water　resources　supply　in　certain　areas.　The　risk　assessment　of　the　WRCC　presented　here　provides　a　valuable　reference　for　the　management　and　sustainable　utilization　of　water　resources　in　China.