This　paper　will　focus　on　experimental　and　analytical　investigations　into　the　shear　capacity　of　precast　concrete　(PC)　shear　keys　with　ultrahigh-performance　concrete　(UHPC)　as　the　connection　(UHPC-connection　PC　shear　keys).　First,　30　shear　key　specimens　with　different　configurations　will　be　designed　and　tested　statically　under　shear　loads　and　various　compressive　stresses.　Two　major　failure　modes　were　observed　during　the　tests,　which　included　PC　failure　and　UHPC　connection　shear-off　failure,　which　is　similar　to　the　failure　modes　of　conventional　shear　keys.　Therefore,　it　is　suitable　to　apply　UHPC　as　the　connection　for　PC　shear　keys.　The　equations　to　estimate　the　shear　capacity　of　shear　keys　in　the　literature　and　current　codes　will　be　reviewed　and　compared　with　the　test　results.　However,　none　of　the　equations　accurately　predicted　the　shear　capacity　of　all　the　test　specimens.　Two　improved　analytical　models　will　be　proposed　based　on　both　observed　failure　modes　to　estimate　the　shear　capacity　of　the　shear　keys.　Satisfactory　agreement　was　obtained　for　the　comparison　of　shear　capacity　between　the　proposed　analytical　models　and　the　experimental　data.　Therefore,　the　proposed　analytical　models　could　be　used　for　the　design　of　UHPC-connection　PC　shear　keys.　The　results　from　this　paper　could　guide　the　design　of　UHPC-connection　PC　shear　keys　and　promote　the　application　of　UHPC　materials　in　prefabricated　structures.