Hydrogen　energy,　as　a　clean　and　renewable　energy,　has　attracted　much　attention　in　recent　years.　Water　electrolysis　via　the　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　at　the　cathode　coupled　with　the　oxygen　evolution　reaction　at　the　anode　is　a　promising　method　to　produce　hydrogen.　Given　the　shortage　of　freshwater　resources　on　the　planet,　the　direct　use　of　seawater　as　an　electrolyte　for　hydrogen　production　has　become　a　hot　research　topic.　Direct　use　of　seawater　as　the　electrolyte　for　water　electrolysis　can　reduce　the　cost　of　hydrogen　production　due　to　the　great　abundance　and　wide　availability.　In　recent　years,　various　high-efficiency　electrocatalysts　have　made　great　progress　in　seawater　splitting　and　have　shown　great　potential.　This　review　introduces　the　mechanisms　and　challenges　of　seawater　splitting　and　summarizes　the　recent　progress　of　various　electrocatalysts　used　for　hydrogen　and　oxygen　evolution　reaction　in　seawater　electrolysis　in　recent　years.　Finally,　the　challenges　and　future　opportunities　of　seawater　electrolysis　for　hydrogen　and　oxygen　production　are　presented.