Based　on　the　hierarchical　model　of　psychopathology,　the　theory　of　compensatory　internet　use,　and　the　sociocultural　self　model　of　behaviour,　this　study　examined　whether　social　anxiety　mediated　the　relationship　between　neuroticism　and　problematic　online　gaming,　and　whether　this　mediating　process　was　moderated　by　family　socioeconomic　status　(FSES).　The　theoretical　model　was　tested　using　data　collected　from　598　Chinese　undergraduates　(M-age　=　19.45　years,　SD　=　1.63).　These　participants　completed　questionnaires　anonymously.　Testing　for　moderated　mediation　revealed　that　social　anxiety　partially　mediated　the　association　between　neuroticism　and　problematic　online　gaming,　with　FSES　moderating　the　second　stage　of　it.　Specifically,　the　indirect　effect　of　neuroticism　on　problematic　online　gaming　via　social　anxiety　was　significant　only　for　undergraduates　with　low　FSES.　Results　of　this　study　extend　research　on　the　influencing　factors　of　problematic　online　gaming　and　highlight　the　significance　of　uncovering　the　underlying　mechanisms.