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Author:

Bilal, Muhammad Atif (Bilal, Muhammad Atif.) | Ji, Yanju (Ji, Yanju.) | Wang, Yongzhi (Wang, Yongzhi.) | Akhter, Muhammad Pervez (Akhter, Muhammad Pervez.) | Yaqub, Muhammad (Yaqub, Muhammad.)

Indexed by:

EI Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

Earthquakes threaten people, homes, and infrastructure. Early warning systems provide prior warning of oncoming significant shaking to decrease seismic risk by providing location, magnitude, and depth information of the event. Their usefulness depends on how soon a strong shake begins after the warning. In this article, the authors implement a deep learning model for predicting earthquakes. This model is based on a graph convolutional neural network with batch normalization and attention mechanism techniques that can successfully predict the depth and magnitude of an earthquake event at any number of seismic stations in any number of locations. After preprocessing the waveform data, CNN extracts the feature map. Attention mechanism is used to focus on important features. The batch normalization technique takes place in batches for stable and faster training of the model by adding an extra layer. GNN with extracted features and event location information predicts the event information accurately. We test the proposed model on two datasets from Japan and Alaska, which have different seismic dynamics. The proposed model achieves 2.8 and 4.0 RMSE values in Alaska and Japan for magnitude prediction, and 2.87 and 2.66 RMSE values for depth prediction. Low RMSE values show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the three baseline models on both datasets to provide an accurate estimation of the depth and magnitude of small, medium, and large-magnitude events. © 2022 by the authors.

Keyword:

Large dataset Graph neural networks Location Earthquakes Convolutional neural networks Convolution Deep learning Forecasting

Author Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Bilal, Muhammad Atif]College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China
  • [ 2 ] [Ji, Yanju]College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China
  • [ 3 ] [Wang, Yongzhi]College of Geoexploration Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China
  • [ 4 ] [Wang, Yongzhi]Institute of Integrated Information for Mineral Resources Prediction, Jilin University, Changchun; 130026, China
  • [ 5 ] [Akhter, Muhammad Pervez]Riphah College of Computing, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad; 38000, Pakistan
  • [ 6 ] [Yaqub, Muhammad]Riphah College of Computing, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad; 38000, Pakistan
  • [ 7 ] [Yaqub, Muhammad]Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100021, China

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Source :

Sensors

ISSN: 1424-8220

Year: 2022

Issue: 17

Volume: 22

3 . 9

JCR@2022

3 . 9 0 0

JCR@2022

ESI Discipline: CHEMISTRY;

ESI HC Threshold:53

JCR Journal Grade:2

CAS Journal Grade:2

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count: 14

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 4

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