In　this　research,　a　wave-drag　modulus　nondestructive　testing　method　was　proposed　to　predict　the　compressive　bearing　capacity　of　damaged　wood　components.　Using　an　ancient　Chinese　building　as　a　case　study,　internal　and　external　inspections　were　performed　to　obtain　defect　data　and　related　tree　species　information.　Using　the　same　tree　species,　wave-drag　modulus　and　scale　tests　were　carried　out　to　predict　the　residual　bearing　capacity　when　there　was　damage　in　the　form　of　internal　cavities　or　edge　material　reduction　and　to　compare　the　damage　and　loss　experimental　data.　The　results　show　that　the　internal　defect　combination　model　established　by　two　nondestructive　testing　methods　(stress　wave　and　impedance　meter)　based　on　the　weight　distribution　can　accurately　determine　the　internal　damage　condition　of　wood　components.　There　was　a　significant　correlation　between　wave-drag　modulus　and　compressive　strength　along　the　wood　grains.　The　measured　values　of　wood　components　with　different　defects　were　consistent　with　the　theoretical　values　predicted　by　the　wave-drag　modulus,　which　can　effectively　improve　the　prediction　of　residual　bearing　capacity.　In　addition,　it　was　determined　that　edge　material　reduction　is　more　destructive　to　a　wood　component　than　the　presence　of　an　interior　cavity.　Thus,　the　wave-drag　modulus　can　quickly　locate　vulnerable　sections　and　provide　a　relevant　basis　for　judging　the　material　condition　of　wood　components　in　ancient　buildings.