Numerical　methods　are　widely　used　to　establish　seismic　fragility　curves　in　the　performance-based　seismic　design　for　buildings.　However,　non-linear　dynamic　analyses　for　large　soil-structure　systems　are　computationally　demanding　and　alternative　methods　are　sought　to　establish　seismic　fragility　curves　for　buried　structures.　This　paper　proposes　a　simplified　pushover　method　to　calculate　the　non-linear　response　of　underground　structure.　The　pushover-based　fragility　analysis　method　can　establish　the　conditional　probability　of　the　structure　relevant　to　certain　limits　states　by　conducting　a　series　of　free-filed　response　analyses　and　one　pushover　static　analysis.　To　verify　the　applicability　of　the　method,　two　different　subway　stations　designed　for　static　loads　only　are　used　as　examples　for　vulnerability　assessment　using　the　proposed　method　as　well　as　the　conventional　incremental　dynamic　analysis　(IDA)　method.　The　structure　capacity　limits　are　associated　with　the　inter-story　drift　ratio　and　the　earthquake　intensity　measure　is　represented　by　the　earthquake　peak　ground　acceleration　(PGA).　The　fragility　curves　predicted　employing　the　pushover-based　method　are　compared　with　those　obtained　from　the　IDA　method.　The　comparison　indicated　that　the　probabilistic　approach　integrated　with　pushover-based　strategies　is　an　effective　tool　for　rational　and　quantitative　seismic　fragility　assessment　of　underground　structures.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd