Tuned　liquid　dampers　(TLDs)　are　effective　passive-control　devices　used　to　suppress　wind-induced　vibrations　and　the　seismic　responses　of　high-rise　structures.　However,　investigations　on　the　effects　of　TLDs　on　nonlinear　structural　responses　are　limited;　thus,　this　study　explored　the　influence　of　a　TLD　on　the　nonlinear　seismic　response　of　a　high-rise　structure　based　on　a　real-time　hybrid　simulation.　The　effects　of　the　TLD　on　the　nonlinear　seismic　response　were　evaluated　in　terms　of　the　characteristics　of　seismic　excitations,　the　TLD　mass　ratio,　and　the　structural　damping　ratio.　The　experimental　results　revealed　that　the　TLD　was　helpful　in　reducing　hysteretic　energy　dissipation　of　the　controlled　structure.　Moreover,　when　the　structure　entered　the　nonlinear　state,　the　damping　frequency　band　of　the　TLD　became　narrower,　aggravating　the　effect　of　the　TLD　on　structural　damping　relative　to　that　in　the　linear　case.　Meanwhile,　the　results　also　indicated　that　structural　nonlinearity　could　increase　the　possibility　of　adverse　effects　on　the　structural　dynamic　response.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd