Urine-powered　microbial　fuel　cells　(UMFCs)　are　bioelectrochemical　system　that　can　recover　energy　from　urine-a　typical　wastewater　produced　in　urban　and　aerospace　ships.　The　anode　is　the　key　unit　determining　the　UMFC　performance.　To　improve　its　performance,　black　phosphorus　(BP),　expanded　graphite　(EG)　and　carboxyl　graphene　(COOH-GN)　which　are　three　graphene-type　novel　materials　were　used　to　modify　carbon　cloth　anode　and　three　anodes　(BP/CC,　EG/CC　and　COOH-GN/CC)　were　thus　fabricated.　The　surface　of　the　carbon　cloth　becomes　rougher　after　modification.　The　results　of　electrochemical　impedance　spectroscopy　tests　demonstrated　that　the　modified　anodes　have　low　resistance　and　excellent　electrochemical　properties.　Using　BP/CC,　EG/CC　and　COOH-GN/CC　as　the　UMFC　anodes　respectively,　the　UMFCs　yielded　maximum　voltage　output　of　587.71,　512.46　and　492.49　mV,　respectively,　power　density　of　5254.43,　3925.44　and　3252.05　mW/m3,　respectively,　which　clearly　shows　that　the　BP　modification　is　the　best.　©　2018,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.