The　challenges　posed　by　cross-scale　effects,　large　computational　requirements,　high　nonlinearity,　and　complex　interactions　of　multiple　physical　phenomena　constitute　major　obstacles　to　the　effectiveness　and　accuracy　of　welding　simulations　for　large　structural　components.　Therefore,　achieving　accurate　welding　simulation　to　predict　and　effectively　control　welding　deformation　of　substantial　engineering　structural　parts　is　essential　to　ensure　welding　quality　and　improve　production　efficiency.　This　paper　reviews　the　current　research　status　of　welding　numerical　simulation　of　large　engineering　components,　including　the　establishment　of　the　finite　element　model,　optimization　of　the　heat　source　model,　selection　of　appropriate　finite　element　calculation　method,　and　the　control　of　welding　deformation　through　optimization　algorithm.　In　addition,　the　strategies　to　improve　the　precision　and　efficiency　of　welding　numerical　simulation　and　control　welding　deformation　of　engineering　components　are　analyzed　and　discussed.　The　future　development　of　welding　numerical　simulation　will　focus　on　balancing　simulation　accuracy　and　simulation　efficiency　and　optimizing　welding　parameters　to　control　welding　deformation　efficiently.　©　2023　Chinese　Materials　Research　Society