Ischemic　stroke,　prevalent　among　the　elderly,　necessitates　attention　to　reperfusion　injury　post　treatment.　Limited　drug　access　to　the　brain,　owing　to　the　blood-brain　barrier,　restricts　clinical　applications.　Identifying　efficient　drug　carriers　capable　of　penetrating　this　barrier　is　crucial.　Blood-brain　barrier　transporters　play　a　vital　role　in　nutrient　transport　to　the　brain.　Recently,　nanoparticles　emerged　as　drug　carriers,　enhancing　drug　permeability　via　surface-modified　ligands.　This　article　introduces　the　blood-brain　barrier　structure,　elucidates　reperfusion　injury　pathogenesis,　compiles　ischemic　stroke　treatment　drugs,　explores　nanomaterials　for　drug　encapsulation　and　emphasizes　their　advantages　over　conventional　drugs.　Utilizing　nanoparticles　as　drug-delivery　systems　offers　targeting　and　efficiency　benefits　absent　in　traditional　drugs.　The　prospects　for　nanomedicine　in　stroke　treatment　are　promising.