A　dual-wavelength　resolution-matching　digital　holographic　microscopy　with　one　path　structured　illumination　is　presented,　which　can　improve　phase　imaging　resolution.　In　this　configuration,　a　dual-wavelength　hologram　with　two　illumination　modes　corresponding　to　two　different　wavelengths　can　be　flexibly　recorded　at　one　shot,　and　the　imaging　resolutions　under　the　two　wavelengths　can　reach　equivalence　by　setting　the　modulation　frequency　of　structure　illumination.　The　expression　for　calculating　the　modulation　frequency　of　structured　illumination　in　a　two-wavelength　system　is　given.　By　setting　the　proper　modulation　frequency,　the　resolution　of　dual-wavelength　phase　imaging　can　be　enhanced,　which　is　verified　in　the　phase　imaging　experiment　of　a　USAF　quantitative　phase　target.　The　dual-wavelength　reconstructed　phase　map　of　paramecia　cells　exhibit　the　internal　macronucleus,　food　vacuole　and　cilia.　The　imaging　results　demonstrate　the　resolution-matching　approach　using　one　path　structured-illumination　in　effect　for　the　improvement　of　phase　imaging　resolution.　©　2024　Optica　Publishing　Group　under　the　terms　of　the　Optica　Open　Access　Publishing　Agreement.