Border　Gateway　Protocol　(BGP)　is　a　standard　inter-domain　routing　protocol　for　the　Internet　that　conveys　network　layer　reachability　information　and　establishes　routes　to　different　destinations.　The　BGP　protocol　exhibits　security　design　defects,　such　as　an　unconditional　trust　mechanism　and　the　default　acceptance　of　BGP　route　announcements　from　peers　by　BGP　neighboring　nodes,　easily　triggering　prefix　hijacking,　path　forgery,　route　leakage,　and　other　BGP　security　threats.　Meanwhile,　the　traditional　BGP　security　mechanism,　relying　on　a　public　key　infrastructure,　faces　issues　like　a　single　point　of　failure　and　a　single　point　of　trust.　The　decentralization,　anti-tampering,　and　traceability　advantages　of　blockchain　offer　new　solution　ideas　for　constructing　secure　and　trusted　inter-domain　routing　mechanisms.　In　this　paper,　we　summarize　the　characteristics　of　BGP　protocol　in　detail,　sort　out　the　BGP　security　threats　and　their　causes.　Additionally,　we　analyze　the　shortcomings　of　the　traditional　BGP　security　mechanism　and　comprehensively　evaluate　existing　blockchain-based　solutions　to　address　the　above　problems　and　validate　the　reliability　and　effectiveness　of　blockchain-based　BGP　security　methods　in　mitigating　BGP　security　threats.　Finally,　we　discuss　the　challenges　posed　by　BGP　security　problems　and　outline　prospects　for　future　research.　©　2024　Tech　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.