With　the　continuous　development　of　Internet　of　vehicles　(IoV)　services　and　the　continuous　influx　of　network　users,　how　to　solve　the　security　and　user　privacy　protection　problems　of　IoV　system　has　become　a　top　priority.　In　this　regard,　based　on　the　in-depth　analysis　and　research　of　the　existing　cryptographic　theory　and　anonymous　authentication　scheme,　aiming　at　the　key　issues　in　the　security　architecture　of　IoV　based　on　blockchain　technology,　we　propose　an　anonymous　authentication　scheme　for　IoV　based　on　private　blockchain.　We　design　a　private　blockchain-based　anonymous　authentication　scheme　for　IoV.　With　the　help　of　the　non-tampering　characteristics　of　blockchain,　through　the　decentralized　and　distributed　public　key　infrastructure　(PKI),　the　registration　pressure　under　high　load　is　effectively　shared.　In　addition,　based　on　the　system　architecture　of　distributed　authentication,　we　also　design　the　anonymous　identity　update　stage　of　the　vehicle　through　the　form　of　hybrid　chain,　which　realizes　the　continuous　tracking　and　tamper　resistance　of　the　vehicle　anonymous　identity　binding　information.　Finally,　through　the　security　analysis　and　the　implementation　of　the　simulation　system,　we　prove　that　the　scheme　meets　the　security　requirements　and　effectively　improves　the　efficiency　of　the　anonymous　authentication　process.　©　2023　ACM.