The　safety　issue　of　animal　food　has　received　widespread　public　attention　due　to　increased　reports　of　problematic　foods.　Once　veterinary　drugs　are　overused　or　abused　in　the　process　of　animal　husbandry，drug　residues　will　bring　serious　harm　to　human　health.　Common　residue　detection　methods　have　the　disadvantages　of　high　cost，slow　speed　and　low　efficiency，which　usually　requires　professional　personnel　to　operate，and　the　traditional　physical　and　chemical　methods　can＇t　meet　the　needs　of　food　quality　testing.　As　a　result，the　research　and　development　of　rapid　and　efficient　detection　methods　for　veterinary　drug　residues　is　necessary.　In　recent　years，surface-enhanced　Raman　spectroscopy（SERS）has　been　widely　used　in　many　fields　such　as　authenticity　identification，illegal　additives　detection，agricultural　and　veterinary　residues，etc，and　has　a　broader　development　prospect　in　the　field　of　food　testing　due　to　its　advantages　of　fast　detection　and　nondestructive.　SERS　is　different　from　other　detection　methods　in　that　it　can　rapidly　identify　target　analytes　through　signal　amplification　and　highly　sensitive　fingerprint　spectroscopy　for　qualitative　or　semi-quantitative　analysis.　This　paper　mainly　introduces　the　research　and　application　of　Raman　spectroscopy　and　SERS　in　the　detection　of　veterinary　drug　residues　in　foods　of　animal　origin，focusing　on　the　advantages　of　SERS，the　pre-treatment　of　food　samples，and　the　related　research　on　the　detection　of　a　variety　of　veterinary　drugs　by　SERS　combined　with　other　techniques，and　proposing　the　challenges　faced　by　SERS　in　practical　monitoring.　©　2024　Science　China　Press.　All　rights　reserved.