The　process　of　shot　blasting　and　sandblasting　is　a　crucial　step　before　the　coating　of　ship　surfaces,　as　the　quality　of　this　treatment　affects　the　adhesion　and　service　life　of　the　applied　paint.　In　this　paper,　we　have　developed　a　machine　vision　inspection　system　for　evaluating　the　quality　of　shot　blasting　and　sandblasting　on　ship　surfaces,　enabling　the　acquisition　of　3D　microscopic　surface　topography　under　real　operating　conditions.　Based　on　this,　we　have　investigated　the　relationship　between　surface　preparation　techniques　and　the　quality　of　the　treatment,　as　well　as　the　correlation　between　surface　preparation　quality　and　coating　performance.　Furthermore,　we　have　established　corresponding　models　to　facilitate　the　control　of　shot　blasting　and　sandblasting　quality　and　optimize　the　associated　processes.　©　Published　under　licence　by　IOP　Publishing　Ltd.