A　photonic-assisted　distributed　multiple-input　and　multiple-output　(MIMO)　chaotic　radar　is　proposed　based　on　multidimensional　multiplexing.　Reference　chaotic　(RC)　optical　signals　and　echo　modulation　signals　from　different　remote　stations　(RSs)　are　transmitted　to　the　central　station　(CS)　and　distinguished　using　wavelength　division　multiplexing.　Signal-level　fusion　processing　of　all　RSs＇　data　and　adjustment　of　operating　frequency　are　simultaneously　realized.　Owing　to　the　quasi-orthogonal　waveform　multiplexing　and　non-deterministic　characteristics　of　chaotic　signals,　high　spectrum　efficiency　and　anti-interference　capability　can　be　ensured.　Three　functions,　including　broadband　chaotic　signal　generation,　and　frequency　up-and　down-conversion,　are　integrated　by　polarization　multiplexing.　The　radar　becomes　much　more　compact　by　sharing　the　laser　and　modulator.　A　distributed　2　$\times$　2　MIMO　chaotic　radar　with　an　effective　bandwidth　of　6　GHz　in　Ku-band　is　established,　and　the　2-D　positions　of　the　targets　can　be　obtained　by　a　back-projection　algorithm.　The　experimental　results　show　that　the　range　and　azimuth　resolutions　are　3.09　and　6.35　cm,　respectively,　and　the　average　positioning　error　is　less　than　0.71　cm.　A　potential　solution　of　high-precision　2-D　positioning　is　provided　for　target　detection　in　complex　electromagnetic　environments.