Fiber-reinforced　polymer　(FRP)　bars　have　better　resistance　to　corrosion　and　higher　tensile　strength　than　steel　bars,　thus　being　a　prospective　material　for　concrete　structures　in　marine　engineering.　However,　it　is　less　fire-resistant,　and　the　residual　bearing　capacity　of　FRP-reinforced　concrete　members　after　the　fire　needs　to　be　clarified.　This　study　explores　the　impact　resistance　of　Glass　FRP-reinforced　concrete　(GFRP-RC)　columns　at　high　temperatures　using　finite　element　models.　To　assess　the　accuracy　of　the　model,　the　simulation　results　were　compared　with　the　test　results　in　terms　of　fire　resistance　and　impact　resistance,　respectively.　Based　on　these,　the　impact　behavior　of　GFRP-RC　and　steel-RC　columns　were　compared　and　analyzed.　The　results　show　that　GFRP-RC　columns　were　more　severely　damaged　by　impact　loading　after　high　temperatures　than　steel-RC　columns.　The　peak　impact　forces　of　the　GFRP-RC　columns　and　steel-RC　columns　are　nearly　identical.　However,　the　former　has　a　smaller　reaction　force　and　a　more　significant　mid-span　displacement.　Furthermore,　the　residual　axial　bearing　capacity　of　GFRP-RC　columns　after　high　temperature　and　impact　loading　is　significantly　reduced　compared　to　steel-RC　columns.　Exposure　to　high　temperatures　takes　a　more　significant　proportion　in　the　reduction　than　impact　loading.　In　addition,　a　relationship　between　the　damage　index　(based　on　residual　bearing　capacity)　and　the　lateral　displacement　of　the　columns　after　fire　and　impact　loadings　was　established.　In　contrast,　the　corresponding　damage　classification　criteria　were　determined.