The　impacts　of　climate　change　and　human　activities　on　water　resources　are　a　complex　and　integrated　process　and　a　key　factor　for　effective　water　resource　management　in　semi-arid　regions,　especially　in　relation　to　the　Jinghe　River　basin　(JRB),　a　major　tributary　of　the　Yellow　River　basin.　The　Sen＇s　slope　estimator　and　the　Mann-Kendall　test　(M-K　test)　are　implemented　to　examine　the　spatial　and　temporal　trends　of　the　hydrological　factors,　while　the　elasticity　coefficient　method　based　on　Budyko＇s　theory　of　hydrothermal　coupling　is　employed　to　quantify　the　degree　of　runoff　response　to　the　various　influencing　factors,　from　1971　to　2020.　The　results　reveal　that　the　runoff　at　Pingliang　(PL),　Jingchuan　(JC),　and　Yangjiaping　(YJP)　hydrological　stations　shows　an　obvious　and　gradual　decreasing　trend　during　the　study　period,　with　a　sudden　change　in　about　1986,　while　precipitation　shows　a　fluctuating　and　increasing　trend　alongside　a　potential　evapotranspiration-induced　fluctuating　and　decreasing　trend.　Compared　to　the　previous　period,　a　change　of　-29%,　in　relative　terms,　in　the　runoff　at　the　YJP　hydrological　station　is　observed.　The　interaction　of　human　activities　and　climate　change　in　the　watershed　contributes　to　the　sharp　decrease　in　runoff,　with　precipitation,　potential　evapotranspiration,　and　human　activities　accounting　for　-14.3%,　-15.1%,　and　70.6%　of　the　causes　of　the　change　in　runoff,　respectively.　Human　activities　(e.g.,　construction　of　water　conservancy　projects),　precipitation,　and　potential　evapotranspiration　are　the　main　factors　contributing　to　the　change　in　runoff.