The　research　on　anaerobic　ammonia　oxidation　(anammox)　technology　for　the　treatment　of　real　domestic　wastewater　has　faced　several　challenges,　including　nitrite　(NO2–-N)　deficiency,　uncontrollable　substrate　ratio,　and　low　biomass.　To　address　these　issues,　a　two-stage　process　was　ingeniously　developed,　integrating　partial　nitrification-sequencing　batch　reactor　(PN-SBR)　and　air-lift　anammox-upflow　anaerobic　sludge　bed　(AMX-UASB).　Partial　nitrification　(PN)　was　achieved　within　50　days　in　the　PN-SBR　using　temporary　hydroxylamine　(NH2OH)　dosing.　After　stopping　NH2OH　addition,　high　nitrite　accumulation　rate　(＞92.0　%)　was　maintained　by　anaerobic　/　aerobic　/　anoxic　(An/O/A)　operation　mode.　The　system　established　an　optimal　substrate　ratio　of　NO2–-N　to　ammonium　nitrogen　(NH4+-N)　at　1.36　in　the　AMX-UASB,　finely　tuned　by　adjusting　the　R　value　(volume　ratio　of　domestic　sewage　to　PN-SBR　effluent)　between　0.25　and　0.33.　Under　these　conditions,　anammox　bacteria　showed　rapid　activation　from　prolonged　ambient-temperature　dormancy,　with　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　(NRE)　improving　from　74.4　%　to　84.4　%　over　17　days.　The　air　lift　enhanced　granulation　(156.8–––700.0　μm)　in　AMX-UASB,　enriching　anammox　bacteria　to　2.16　%　from　0.74　%　within　granules,　while　washing　out　nitrite　oxidizing　bacteria　(NOB).　Consequently,　anammox　bacteria　were　reactivated　and　NRE　further　increased　to　86.5　%.　This　study　significantly　advanced　the　practical　application　of　anammox　technology　by　addressing　existing　limitations,　thereby　promoting　broader　application　in　wastewater　treatment.　©　2025