In　recent　years,　the　waste　cooking　oil　(WCO)　based　bio-asphalt　is　developed　as　a　potential　alternative　binder　for　the　traditional　petroleum　asphalt.　Several　previous　studies　demonstrate　that　the　WCO　based　bio-oil　modification　generally　enhance　the　binder　cracking　resistance　but　has　an　adverse　effect　on　high　temperature　performance.　This　paper　aims　to　improve　the　rutting　resistance　of　WCO　based　bio-asphalt　by　a　further　compound　modification　of　Organized　Montmorillonite　(OMMT).　Two　neat　asphalt　binders　with　penetration　grades　of　70　and　90　are　selected　in　this　study.　The　WCO　based　bio-oil　is　firstly　added　into　the　neat　binders　followed　by　further　modified　with　the　OMMT　additive.　The　neat　binders,　bio-binders　and　Bio/OMMT　binders　are　then　characterized　by　rheological　performance　tests　in　this　study.　The　frequency　sweep,　multiple　stress　creep　recovery　(MSCR)　and　linear　amplitude　sweep　(LAS)　tests　are　respectively　conducted　for　linear　viscoelastic　properties,　rutting　resistance　and　fatigue　performance　evaluations.　Experimental　results　indicate　that　the　fatigue　resistance　of　bio-binders　at　intermediate　temperature　are　improved　compared　to　the　neat　binders　whereas　the　addition　of　bio-oil　obviously　reduces　the　binder　rutting　resistance　at　high　temperature.　Furthermore,　adding　the　OMMT　into　the　bio-binders　is　found　to　effectively　enhance　the　rutting　resistance　when　increasing　the　OMMT　content　without　compromising　the　fatigue　performance.　Therefore,　it　can　be　preliminary　concluded　in　this　study　that　the　Bio/OMMT　compound　modification　approach　can　be　utilized　to　address　the　rutting　potential　concern　of　WCO　based　bio-binders　at　the　high　temperature　condition.　©　2022,　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　license　to　Springer　Nature　Switzerland　AG.