In　this　study,　by　using　the　nonequilibrium　molecular　dynamics　and　the　kinetic　theory,　we　examine　the　tailored　nanoscale　thermal　transport　via　a　gas-filled　nanogap　structure　with　mechanically-controllable　nanopillars　in　one　surface　only,　i.e.,　changing　nanopillar　height.　It　is　found　that　both　the　thermal　rectification　and　negative　differential　thermal　resistance　(NDTR)　effects　can　be　substantially　enhanced　by　controlling　the　nanopillar　height.　The　maximum　thermal　rectification　ratio　can　reach　340%　and　the　increment　T　range　with　NDTR　can　be　significantly　enlarged,　which　can　be　attributed　to　the　tailored　asymmetric　thermal　resistance　via　controlled　adsorption　in　height-changing　nanopillars,　especially　at　a　large　temperature　difference.　These　tunable　thermal　rectification　and　NDTR　mechanisms　provide　insights　for　the　design　of　thermal　management　systems.