The　zero-valent　iron-anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　(ZVI-anammox)　system　has　received　widespread　attention　due　to　its　excellent　nitrogen　removal　performance　and　user-friendly　operation.　However,　its　disadvantages　include　a　short　service　life,　high　ZVI　consumption,　and　poor　system　stability.　The　use　of　ultrasound　as　a　physical　method　is　increasing　in　various　water　treatment　processes.　In　this　study,　a　series　of　batch　tests　were　conducted　to　obtain　the　best　ultrasonic　parameter　and　explore　the　comprehensive　effects　of　ultrasound　on　a　ZVI-anammox　system.　The　highest　specific　anammox　activity　of　the　ZVI-anammox　system　was　found　to　be　2.88　mg　total　nitrogen/g　of　volatile　suspended　solids/h　after　ultrasonic　treatment　(0.2　w/mL,　5　min),　which　was　37.85%　higher　than　a　control　group.　Additionally,　the　service　life　of　ZVI　extended　by　28.57%　and　the　total　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　changed　from　58.03-72.08　to　63.92-78.33%　under　ultrasonic　irradiation.　These　phenomena　were　related　to　the　mechanical　force　and　cavitation　of　ultrasonic　waves.　Judging　from　the　characteristics　of　sludge　and　ZVI,　ultrasound　can　promote　anammox　sludge　granulation,　ease　ZVI　passivation,　and　enhance　the　stability　of　the　entire　system.　This　paper　also　briefly　discusses　the　impact　mechanisms　of　ultrasound　on　the　ZVI-anammox　system.　In　brief,　ultrasound　destroys　the　surface　structure　of　ZVI　and　thus　provides　numerous　attachment　points　for　microorganisms　that　improve　the　performance　of　the　entire　system.　The　proposed　ultrasound　combined　with　ZVI　is　a　novel　method　that　has　potential　for　use　in　large-scale　engineering　applications　in　actual　sewage　treatment　after　comprehensive　analysis.