Understanding　the　importance　of　raw　materials　is　crucial　for　ensuring　high　material　efficiency　in　industrial　production　processes.　A　common　criticality　assessment　of　resources　is　usually　a　top　view　on　their　supply　risk　and　economic　importance.　This　cannot　directly　be　integrated　in　a　specific　process　for　material　manufacturing,　which　is　in　high　demand　to　identify　the　importance　of　a　resource　for　the　process　and　implement　process　optimization.　In　this　study,　a　parameter　named　resource　recirculation　factor　is　introduced,　and　the　criticality　assessment　model　is　reformed　to　facilitate　the　evaluation　of　the　LED　production　process　from　substrate　preparation　to　lamp　manufacture.　22　types　of　materials　were　selected　for　evaluation　with　material　flow　analysis.　The　criticalities　of　gallium　and　indium,　with　values　of　159.33　and　24.18,　were　found　to　be　the　largest　owning　to　their　high　supply　risk　and　environmental　risk　values,　which　were　significantly　higher　than　those　of　the　other　materials,　such　as　copper　(0.01)　and　iron　(0.27).　The　high　criticality　of　gallium　resulting　in　trimethyl　gallium　being　the　most　important　material,　while　trimethyl　indium　and　indium　tin　oxide　(ITO)　etchant　ranked　second　and　third,　respectively.　Based　on　the　comparison　of　the　production　sections,　the　epitaxial　growth　and　chip　fabrication　compressed　the　two　most　important　sections,　which　were　closely　related　to　the　critical　metals.　Under　comprehensive　environmental　evaluation,　the　environmental　impact　of　LED　production　sections　was　in　the　order　of　chip　fabrication　＞　substrate　preparation　＞　lamp　manufacture.　The　proposed　criticality　assessment　method　can　provide　a　basis　for　the　material　evaluation　and　cleaner　production　of　industrial　production　processes,　where　comprehensive　environmental　evaluation　can　also　contribute　to　the　criticality　evaluation.　©　2021　The　Authors