The　growing　global　interest　in　preventing　and　controlling　fires　in　high-rise　buildings　reflects　the　increasing　significance　of　this　issue　today.　This　research　aims　to　establish　an　early　warning　framework　for　fire　risk　in　high-rise　buildings.　Firstly,　considering　the　importance　of　a　scientific　indicator　system　for　the　application　of　the　model,　this　study　combines　the　event　analysis　method　with　the　building　design　fire　code　to　identify　11　key　risk　factors　that　have　a　far-reaching　impact　on　the　prevention　of　fires　in　high-rise　buildings.　Based　on　identifying　the　risk　factors,　a　high-rise　building　fire　risk　warning　tree　is　also　established,　which　scientifically　solves　the　problem　of　the　indicator　system　of　the　warning　object.　Subsequently,　in　response　to　the　various　complex　issues　arising　from　the　uncertainty　of　fire　occurrence　in　high-rise　buildings,　this　study　adopts　the　unascertained　method　to　model　the　fire　risk　of　high-rise　buildings　for　early　warning.　In　addition,　the　developed　methodology　was　empirically　validated　through　case　studies　and　analyses　of　empirical　data　on　fire　risks　in　nine　representative　high-rise　buildings.　The　results　of　the　unascertained　method　were　also　compared　with　the　results　of　the　K-means　method,　from　which　it　was　concluded　that　the　unascertained　method　can　predict　building　fires　more　accurately.　The　research　results　provide　a　reliable　decision　support　system　for　fire　disaster　prevention　and　control　in　high-rise　buildings.　©　The　Author(s)　2024.