Phosphorus　is　the　main　constitutive　element　of　minerals　and　fat　in　the　body.　The　process　of　mineral　formation　is　defined　as　mineralization.　The　minerals　in　the　body　are　mainly　apatite,　which　is　the　inor-ganic　phase　that　composes　bones　and　teeth.　It　is　worth　noting　that　people　with　high　fat　content　tend　to　cause　excessive　bone　mineralization,　which　leads　us　to　believe　that　different　phosphorus-containing　compounds　in　the　body　are　mutually　transformed　and　can　regulate　mineralization　in　different　ways.　The　conversion　and　regulation　of　different　phosphorus-containing　compounds　on　the　mineralization　are　essential　for　formation　of　a　complex　hierarchical　structure　and　adaptation　of　the　bone　to　various　me-chanical　environments.　Therefore,　this　review　introduces　the　natural　phosphorus-containing　compounds　in　the　body,　introduces　the　hierarchical　structure　of　the　bone,　and　summarizes　recent　studies　on　different　phosphorus-containing　compounds　(inorganic,　organic,　and　phosphorus-containing　proteases)　involved　in　the　biomineralization.　We　also　discuss　potential　research　directions　of　the　biomineralization,　offering　the　basis　for　future　investigation　of　advanced　bone　substitute　materials.　(c)　2021　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.