Neuromorphic　computing　has　been　extensively　studied　to　mimic　the　brain　functions　of　perception,　learning,　and　memory　because　it　may　overcome　the　von　Neumann　bottleneck.　Here,　with　the　light-induced　bidirectional　photoresponse　of　the　proposed　Bi2O2Se/graphene　hybrid　structure,　its　potential　use　in　next-generation　neuromorphic　hardware　is　examined　with　three　distinct　optoelectronic　applications.　First,　a　photodetector　based　on　a　Bi2O2Se/graphene　hybrid　structure　presents　positive　and　negative　photoresponsibility　of　88　and　-110　A　W-1　achieved　by　the　excitation　of　visible　wavelength　and　ultraviolet　wavelength　light　at　intensities　of　1.2　and　0.3　mW　cm(-2),　respectively.　Second,　this　unique　photoresponse　contributes　to　the　realization　of　all　optically　stimulated　long-term　potentiation　or　long-term　depression　to　mimic　synaptic　short-term　plasticity　and　long-term　plasticity,　which　are　attributed　to　the　combined　effect　of　photoconductivity,　bolometric,　and　photoinduced　desorption.　Third,　the　devices　are　applied　to　perform　digital　logic　functions,　such　as　＂AND＂　and　＂OR,＂　using　full　light　modulation.　The　proposed　Bi2O2Se/graphene-based　optoelectronic　device　represents　an　innovative　and　efficient　building　block　for　the　development　of　future　multifunctional　artificial　neuromorphic　systems.